{"word":"dhunë","entries":[{"pos":"noun","senses":[{"gloss":"violence, force, coercion, oppression","lang":"en","tags":["feminine","physical"],"source":"en-wiktionary"},{"gloss":"damage, injury","lang":"en","tags":["colloquial","feminine"],"source":"en-wiktionary"},{"gloss":"blemish","lang":"en","tags":["feminine"],"source":"en-wiktionary"},{"gloss":"humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)","lang":"en","source":"wikidata"}],"sources":["en-wiktionary","wikidata"],"etymology":"First attested in 1555 by Buzuku as dhunë. From Proto-Albanian *eðunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”), from the root *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”), Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”), and Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”). The variant dhurë is the normal Tosk reflex. Orel reconstructs Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, but from the same I","forms":[{"form":"dhuna","tags":["plural"]},{"form":"dhuna","tags":["definite"]},{"form":"dhunat","tags":["definite","plural"]},{"form":"dhunë","tags":["indefinite","nominative","singular"]},{"form":"dhuna","tags":["definite","nominative","singular"]},{"form":"dhuna","tags":["indefinite","nominative","plural"]},{"form":"dhunat","tags":["definite","nominative","plural"]},{"form":"dhunë","tags":["accusative","indefinite","singular"]},{"form":"dhunën","tags":["accusative","definite","singular"]},{"form":"dhuna","tags":["accusative","indefinite","plural"]},{"form":"dhunat","tags":["accusative","definite","plural"]},{"form":"dhune","tags":["dative","indefinite","singular"]},{"form":"dhunës","tags":["dative","definite","singular"]},{"form":"dhunave","tags":["dative","indefinite","plural"]},{"form":"dhunave","tags":["dative","definite","plural"]},{"form":"dhune","tags":["ablative","indefinite","singular"]},{"form":"dhunës","tags":["ablative","definite","singular"]},{"form":"dhunash","tags":["ablative","indefinite","plural"]},{"form":"dhunave","tags":["ablative","definite","plural"]},{"form":"dhurë","tags":["alternative"]},{"form":"dhuni","tags":["alternative"]}],"synonyms":["dëm","fuqi","forcë","cenim","violencë","keqpërdorim","përdhunim","vrull","përdhunë","pushtet"]}],"sources":["en-wiktionary","wikidata","ai"],"description":{"text":"Përdorimi i forcës për të dëmtuar ose për të detyruar dikë.","source":"ai"},"frequency":9706,"wikipediaCount":745,"url":"https://fjalorishqip.org/fjala/dhun%C3%AB/","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","sameMeaning":[{"word":"dëm","relation":"listed"},{"word":"fuqi","relation":"listed"},{"word":"forcë","relation":"listed"},{"word":"cenim","relation":"listed"},{"word":"violencë","relation":"listed"},{"word":"keqpërdorim","relation":"listed"},{"word":"përdhunim","relation":"listed"},{"word":"vrull","relation":"listed"},{"word":"përdhunë","relation":"listed"},{"word":"pushtet","relation":"listed"},{"word":"ngut","relation":"same"},{"word":"takat","relation":"same"},{"word":"lëndim","relation":"other"},{"word":"cen","relation":"other"},{"word":"birth","relation":"other"}],"attribution":["Wiktionary (English edition), Albanian entries — CC BY-SA 4.0 (and GFDL)","Wikidata Lexemes (Albanian) — CC0 1.0 (public domain)","Përshkrime shqip me ndihmë të AI-së / Albanian descriptions written with AI help — CC BY-SA 4.0"]}